潮汕地区的杨梅及其优良品种

潮汕地区的杨梅品种繁多，同种异名、同名异种等问题突出。作者以其果实、果核、叶子的特征、特性和经济价值为依据，把潮汕山区的杨梅分为4类11个品种和3个野生种，并建议乌酥梅、酥核梅、凹蒂乌酥梅和青蒂梅这4个主要品种可在生产上推广栽培。     

侧柏种源幼林期生长及适应性状变异的研究

对我国侧柏自然分布区范围内２３个种源在甘肃两个试验点１０年的研究结果表明：种源间幼林期的生长量、结实期及适应性存在显著差异；种源与立地有一定的交互作用；种源的高生长与年龄呈极显著正相关；种源的生长量基本趋于由南向北、由东向西，从低海拔到高海拔，生长逐渐〔漫的规律。根据种源生长速度、适应性和形态特征等性状的变异表明：西北部种源适应性强，生长慢，侧枚密生，树形美观，可主要用于荒山造林和城市绿化；东、南部种源生长快，树冠较窄，主干明显，宜营造用材林。     

美国五种灌木种实形态特征及其萌发特性的初步研究

采用常规的水浸催芽方法,对引自美国的5种共7个种源的灌木树种种实的萌发特性进行了初步研究。对水浸催芽不易萌发的种实再采取其它催芽方法进行实验。结果表明:黑油脂木(Sarcoba tusverm icula tus)和沙生胶兔木(Chrysotham nus nauseosus ssp.turbina tus)的果实特别容易萌发,采用常规水浸处理即可得到较高的发芽率;不作任何处理即进行直播,其出苗率也很高;而四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)、巨四翅滨藜(A.canescens ssp.gigan tea)、三齿滨藜(Atriplex.triden ta ta)和内华达麻黄(Ephedranevadensis)的种实,常规水浸处理发芽率很低,通过混沙催芽、层积催芽等方法可以提高种实的发芽率和出苗率。     

4种榆科珍稀树种的种苗形态研究及其栽培效果

对琅琊榆、糙叶榆、长序榆、栗叶榆等4种榆科珍稀树种从种子(翅果)到幼苗的形态做了探索性研究,对其形态通过观察、记载而绘制成图。此4种榆科树种的苗木定植3年后经评价,表明在福建来舟林场已引种成功。     

Spatially distributed morphological characteristics of macropores in forest soils of Hitachi Ohta Experimental Watershed, Japan

Morphological characteristics of macropores in forest soil profiles were investigated at Hitachi Ohta Experimental Watershed in Japan. Nine individual profiles at different locations (various spatial scales in a catchment) and twenty profiles at one site (a small spatial scale) were excavated to the bedrock to investigate density, origin, diameter, direction, and gradient of macropores. Macropore densities in a soil profile ranged from 3.5 to 29.1 per m and from 5.4 to 75.1 per m², respectively. Subsurface erosion, root channels, and interactions between subsurface erosion and root channels accounted for 36.9, 36.5, and 19.0%, of the described macropores. The mean macropore diameter in organic-rich soil layer (17–20 mm) was larger than in the B horizon (11–14 mm) at both spatial scales. The dominant gradients of all macropores in the organic-rich soil layer and B horizon were at negative oblique angles. Approximately 90% of the macropores in the organic-rich soil layer and approximately 80% of the macropores in the B horizon fell within the range between −50 and 50 degree planar direction. Subsurface flow and root systems are believed to play important roles in determining the morphological characteristics of macropores. These characteristics appear to have variable influences in different soil horizons rather than at different spatial scales. A part of this paper was presented at the 103th (1992) and 105th (1994) Annual Meetings of Japanese Forestry Society.     

杉木第二代种子园亲本性状遗传变异研究

以沙县官庄国有林场22年生的杉木第2代种子园为研究对象,对220个无性系进行系统测定,探讨了无性系生长、形质和结实性状的遗传变异规律,结果表明:生长性状、形质性状和结实性状在无性系间的差异达到极显著水平,而且无性系的重复力值均较大;从220个无性系中综合筛选出丁74等35个优良无性系,各优良无性系生长量大、结实性状良好,22年生时的平均树高、胸径、材积值分别高达17.56 m、33.60 cm和0.803 35 m3,分别大于种子园中调查的220个无性系平均值的20.36%、17.73%和57.32%,综合性状表现优良,可用作高世代种子园建园材料和杂交育种的亲本材料。     

果梢斑螟生物学特性的研究

果梢斑螟(Dioryctria pryeriRagonot)是蛀食类害虫,以幼虫危害红松当年生球果和先年生球果及嫩梢。在吉林省抚松县露水河林业局该虫1 a发生1代,以3~4龄幼虫在球果内、果痕处及嫩梢内越冬。翌年5月开始活动危害,5月末至6月下旬为蛹期。6月中旬始现成虫羽化,终见于7月上旬。6月中旬至7月上旬为卵期,6月末至7月中旬幼虫孵化,部分幼虫在球果采摘前转移至果痕附近、嫩梢、当年生球果内继续危害,于9月下旬进入越冬状态。     

药用蕨皱边石杉的形态解剖学研究

对药用蕨皱边石杉茎、叶进行了外部形态、内部结构的解剖学研究，对孢子囊及孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。维管柱逐渐发展成为介于星状中柱和编织中柱之间的一种过渡类型中柱，木质部为外始式；叶为等面叶，外韧维管束。同时对石杉不同组织器官的组培繁殖存在的问题进行了分析和探讨。     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

蔷薇斜条卷叶蛾幼虫的形态和分子鉴定

上海出入境检验检疫局在来自美国的樱桃中截获卷蛾科幼虫,选用引物mt6/mt9对其线粒体DNA的COI部分序列进行PCR扩增和测序后,与Genbank及BOLDSYSTEMS v2.5中已知序列比对,并对截获幼虫进行形态描述,与前人描述进行核实比较,综合分子生物学证据和幼虫形态特征最终确定为蔷薇斜条卷叶蛾。